EU’s Fifth Action Programme Essay Example for Free

EU’s Fifth Action Program Essay The presentation of European Union’s Fifth Action Program into the mainland contamination control instrument has wide range benefits, a few of which will be talked about in resulting segments of this paper. To be sure, the use of the program will totally change how individuals in the landmass manage contamination issues. One purpose behind this change is certainty that the greater part of contamination control measures would be done at the grassroots level instead of the conventional model of having measures create and actualized at national and mainland level. In clarifying advantages of the program, the paper is partitioned into five areas, every one of which tends to a particular advantage. I. Making of Responsibility Culture Decentralization of answer for contamination issues in EU will prompt circumstance where people at the neighborhood level assume liability for contamination issues in their separate regions. In such manner, it is conceivable to create estimates that in accordance with neighborhood requests. This is on the grounds that individuals from nearby network comprehend wagers what could be debilitated their condition. Moreover, having an understanding that there’ll never be outside assist will with making a culture of obligation among local people. This could be accomplished through deterrent measures guaranteeing that contamination is dodged in any case, or even limit impacts insignificant contamination that may happen. Singular people group and family units will that begin contingent upon themselves in issue relating to controlling contaminations. This is on the grounds that they will comprehend that arrangements would just originate from neighborhood endeavors. This factor has the advantage of developing rivalry between networks, since they would have been adjusted under the program. Such rivalry has the capability of prompting less contamination as networks attempt to out do each other on the ones that are progressively prosperous as far as being without contamination. This would prompt progressively contamination free networks encouraged by occupants themselves. By executing the program, singular networks and nations would not have anybody to fault for the status of their environment’s contamination levels. The contribution of individuals will be a help to partner activities coordinated at decreasing contamination. This is on the grounds that individuals and gatherings will feel more liberated in managing issues that have for a long time been jam of administrative associations. What's more, partner bunches that have been pushing for singular endeavors in the insurance of condition in territories will presently begin getting dynamic. It must be comprehended that limited partner bunches help people in social orders to meet up to create activities that lead to better networks. Reality that the EU Fifth Action Program will give them a voice is to be sure vital. What's more, people that are not in a situation to take an interest in partner gatherings will be allowed to build up their own components to control contamination in their own neighborhoods. This can even be doe at the family level, where individuals from a similar family hold submits shielding their little condition from contamination. Doing this in a few private properties empower the formation of contamination free neighborhoods. Actuality that this would be done through activities created at nearby levels is something to be wanted, in light of the fact that, as examined later in the paper, policymakers at national and provincial level would have the option to focus on other squeezing matters. Other than prompting profitability in the security of ensuring condition at nearby level, the program is additionally a fundamental instrument of instruction individual from open that it is conceivable to make changes in their networks without relying a lot upon the European Union. Individuals in the locale will additionally comprehend that they have capacity to make changes. Toward the end, the mindset that effective measures must be accomplished through mediation of national and territorial specialists will be destroyed totally. This will prompt the beginning if self reliance in explaining squeezing issues at neighborhood levels without hurrying to experts for help. II. End Paternalism Application of the program in contamination control will likewise help individuals from open comprehend the job of European Union in their everyday lives. At it as of now occurs, individuals from the general population in the area may will in general imagine that EU exists to take care of issues like contamination. In such manner, the individuals should comprehend that EU’s natural components are created to help part nations blend their structures. At the end of the day, part nations meet up and help grow best systems to manage ecological issues; it is up to the nations and their residents execute these components and guarantee of they are working. Truth that paternalism has gotten mainstream in most European nations could be prompting mindset that EU exists to improve lives of part nation residents. The application this program may help during the time spent dispersing that attitude totally. In such manner, individuals will quit searching for start to finish arrangements in their issues and hence creating base to top arrangements. Moreover, pioneers at the nearby level would feel engaged to lead their assemblage in manners that would legitimately profit the neighborhood network. This new procedure of arrangement finding would be acceptable in light of the fact that it has the capacities of creating precaution quantifies in any case. The localisation of dynamic procedures would likewise assist networks with adjusting to changes that get affected in the process executing arrangement changes. This is an incredible move from the customary systems that has entrusted national governments with duties of helping network individuals at the most reduced level adjust to strategy changes. In the new model, it will be up to nearby pioneers and specialists to support the network. This has constructive additions since individuals have simple access to administration that would help them simultaneously. Having the pioneers being found near the individuals will likewise improve section of data among partners, and with it convey the ideal message to the individuals. As referenced before, the localisation of dynamic and strategy execution would prompt rivalry between networks has the upside of coming about to more noteworthy productivity. The examination of execution between networks would help in seeing prescribed procedures in the regions would help the zones performing inadequately to duplicate from best entertainers. This duplicating from the best would help in the execution of contamination arrangements, in light of the fact that every region would take best practices and tailor them in understanding to nearby requests, which would be a move from the conventional model of having one size fits all components created at local and national levels.

Laws of Manu vs Code of Hammurabi Essay

The Laws of Manu and The Code of Hammurabi were both found reports of two diverse antiquated developments. These archives fundamentally mentioned to the individuals of the human advancements what is anticipated from them and what will occur on the off chance that they don’t tail them. The Laws of Manu were the laws made for the individuals of India while the Code of Hammurabi were the laws made for the individuals of Babylon. Both the Laws of Manu and the Code of Hammurabi focused a greater part on the parts of marriage, family, and rules that everyone must follow. As I would like to think, The Code of Hammurabi was harsher than The Laws of Manu. The Code of Hammurabi was for all the individuals regardless of what class they were ordered in, despite the fact that slaves and ladies were for the most part treated like property in all spots as of now. The Code of Hammurabi was likewise made more as what is ethically right and to help keep up request in the developments; while the Laws of Manu were made more on the strict side and to guarantee the individuals unceasing life on the off chance that they kept these laws. The Code of Hammurabi gave a greater amount of a â€Å"if you don’t adhere to these principles you will just die† tone to it. The Code of Hammurabi was additionally straight forward and to the point, while the Laws of Manu gave more detail. In the Laws of Manu they get in more profundity of each part of people’s lives. In part two, number 57, it states, â€Å"excessive eating is biased to wellbeing, to acclaim, and to euphoria in paradise; it forestalls the obtaining of otherworldly legitimacy, and is nefarious among men; one should, for the reasons, to maintain a strategic distance from cautiously. † That’s telling individuals the amount they ought to eat. The laws of Manu are fundamentally advising individuals how to live their lives in each angle and on the off chance that you don’t you won’t have unceasing life. The laws additionally have various principles dependent on what position the individuals are arranged into; the higher the standing, the more benefits. In Chapter five, number 32 it states, â€Å"A Brahmana, having disposed of his body by one of those modes rehearsed the extraordinary sages is commended in the realm of Brahinan, liberated from distress and dread. † The laws guarantees in the event that you comply with these laws you will never feel any agony and just satisfaction. It additionally put all Brahmanas on a high platform and a ton of the laws don't concern them. In Chapter 10, number 103, â€Å"By instructing, by yielding for, and by tolerating blessings from vile (men) Brahmanas (in trouble) submit not sin, for they (are as unadulterated) as fire and water. The Laws of Manu has more strict reason behind it than, the Code of Hammurabi. The Code of Hammurabi was made more to place request in the Babylonian human progress and it additionally is all the more straight forward. Despite the fact that it has strict reasons and was made by an extremely strict man, it was still generally made to maintain control in the human progress. The Code of Hammurabi even addresses how much things can be purchased and sold for. Number 239, â€Å"If a man enlist a salor, he will pay him six gur of corn for every year†, another model is number 243, â€Å"As lease of heard cows he will pay three gur of corn to the proprietor. The Code of Hammurabi additionally has all the more a retribution looking for tone to it. Just in number one is the ideal model for individuals to seek retribution. â€Å"If any one enshare another, putting a boycott upon him, yet he can't demonstrate it, at that point he that guaranteed him will be killed. † Another case of vengeance is number 218, â€Å"If a doctor make an enormous cut with the working blade, and cut out the eye, his hands will be cut off. † This record generally was for the most part an approach to rebuff individuals or carry equity to the individuals. It likewise discusses going to court and having cases to legitimize circumstances, for instance number five, â€Å"If an appointed authority attempt a case, arrive at a choice, and present his judgment recorded as a hard copy; if later mistake will show up in his choice, and it be through his own issue, at that point he will pay multiple times the fine set by him for the situation, and he will be openly expelled from the judge’s seat, and never again will be freely expelled from the judge’s seat, and never again will he stay there to render judgment. † This likewise demonstrates The Hammurabi Code rebuffed anyone from specialists and legal advisors, to ladies and slaves, your social class didn't make a difference. Shockingly to me, the two of them had ladies rights in there also. The Laws of Manu gave more opportunity to ladies yet the Code of Hammurabi gave ladies more insurance. In number 130, â€Å"If a man damages the spouse of another man, who has never known a man, and still lives in her father’s house, and lays down with her and be astonished, this man will be killed, however his better half is irreproachable. In the Laws of Manu, part eight, number 364 it states â€Å"He who abuses a reluctant lady will in a split second endure beating; yet a man who appreciates a willing lady will not endure whipping, if his rank be equivalent to hers. Not exclusively does that show equity for ladies however gave ladies opportunity to have easygoing sex and from the setting pieces of information of the Code of Hammurabi, it was disapprove of and not tasteful. Ladies still didn’t live autonomous in the two human advancements. Likewise, in the two developments ladies were leveled out by a man from birth to death. Before marriage it is her dad, during marriage it is her significant other, and at mature age it is her son(s). In the Laws of Manu, Chapter nine, number 14, â€Å"Women couldn't care less for excellence, nor is their consideration fixed on age; (thinking), ‘(It is sufficient that) he is a man,’ they offer themselves to the attractive and to the monstrous. You can likewise tell that the two social orders take marriage and regard genuine. Dissimilar to in this day and time, the spouse gets nothing if separate is endorsed. In the Code of Hammurabi number 141, â€Å"If a man’s spouse, who lives in his home, wishes to leave it, dives into obligation, attempts to demolish her home, dismisses her significant other, and is judicially indicted: if her better half offer her discharge, she may go on her way, and he gives her nothing as an endowment of discharge. In the event that her better half doesn't wish to discharge her, and on the off chance that he takes another spouse, she will stay as a worker in her husband’s house. In the Laws of Manu it shows that the Indian culture didn't have age constrains on marriage. In part nine, number 94, â€Å" A man, matured thirty years, will wed a lady of twelve who satisfies him, or a man of twenty-four a young lady eight years old; if (the exhibition of) his obligations would (something else) be blocked, (he should wed) sooner. † Both records were made to control individuals and both were unforgiving contrasted with what we know and live today. The two of them advise us regarding how life was in those days and how time changes. A few things are as yet utilized in today’s social orders, similar to the how ladies ought to consistently stay tasteful. In the Laws of Manu it states in section nine, number 13, â€Å"Drinking (spirituous alcohol), partner with evil individuals, division from the spouse, meandering abroad, resting (at unseasonable hours), and abiding in different men’s houses, are the six reasons for the destruction of ladies. Likewise in the Code of Hammurabi, number 110, â€Å"If a sister of a divine being open a bar, or enter a bar to drink, at that point will this lady be singed to death. † Even however they are from better places they despite everything have a similar idea and purposes.

Contemporary Essay Topics

Contemporary Essay TopicsThe term 'contemporary essay topics' can actually be used to describe any essay at all. The focus will be on contemporary style of writing. This essay topic doesn't necessarily include a thesis. In fact, this type of essay can be considered a sort of short essay that is centered around an argument or concept.Contemporaneous essay topics are generally used in the classroom to help students become more familiar with the grammar used in writing. A contemporary essay can be about anything and should be from the perspective of an observer. Since so many aspects of society and daily life can change rapidly, this is an important element to consider. Contemporaneous essay topics are used in a wide variety of subjects, including politics, religion, sports, or even the daily lives of celebrities. By writing from the personal point of view, a writer is able to make general observations about a variety of subjects.By choosing to write from the perspective of an observer, the contemporary essay topics can allow the writer to give more thought to a subject. In an essay of this nature, it's easier to pinpoint why a particular idea is correct, rather than analyzing just one argument. By seeing both sides of an argument, the writer is able to research and think more about the situation. Also, if the essay topic is going to be about politics, it is a good idea to incorporate a thesis to tie the essay into a broader subject.The scope of the topic can change somewhat from essay to essay. The reason this can be so is that the styles of both contemporary and historical essay topics can change. In one essay, an author may write from the perspective of an academic while the next may write from the point of view of a layperson. This allows the author to incorporate whatever academic jargon they find appropriate into the piece.The term 'contemporary essay topics' can refer to just about any subject. There are contemporary essays about religion, statistics, and p olitics. Many authors also specialize in a topic or two. This means they will write in a specific area of study. In this way, the essay topic can be truly varied.The best way to decide whether the contemporary essay topic is right for you is to consider the topic that you already write about. Are you still learning about this topic? Are you following up on your research? Are you writing because you are having trouble with the current world or issues?If you're not sure which contemporary essay topics are right for you, it can be helpful to do research. Use a search engine and type the word 'contemporary essay topics' into the search box. You should be able to find websites that have a list of topics. This is a good way to determine which topic you may be best suited for.

The Great Depression in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1415 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/04/30 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Brave New World Essay Great Depression Essay Did you like this example? While Huxley still lived in London in 1932 there was a lot of events happening at the moment. One which we cannot take our eyes off is the Great depression, it not only affected the United States of America, but it also influences many other countries and their behavior. Then there what was known as American Culture, which was the collateral damage the great depression had. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Great Depression in Aldous Huxleys Brave New World" essay for you Create order The great depression was very daunting, that it affected completely the way Americans were in the 1930s. Not only did it affect the United States, but it also affected London and the way they interact. Lastly, one event to remember would have to be the second new deal. That was a deal which president Roosevelt created to help alleviate the consequences from the great depression. President Roosevelt incorporated many new opportunities, federal programs and many job opportunities for Americans. All in all, these events played a significant role in the creating of this book that must be considered, and not unlooked. Aldous Huxley is man who had a clear vision when writing this book. Throughout the book Huxley clearly expresses his opinion and, talks very deeply about different topics. One of the topics is mass production, through the 1930s there were many events that made it clear that mass production was going to be a big impact, not only in the United States, but the entire world. Hux ley was raised in England with 3 other brothers, Huxley at a very young age was partially blind, Huxley wanted to be a scientist, but instead he became a writer. Huxley not only wrote many books, he wrote poems and criticism. Huxley died at the age of 62 in Los Angeles, California. One of his best pieces he is remembered, is definitely the book Brave New World. Although Huxley had several visions with how America would be shaped in the future, I do not believe he is right in one point. Huxley is correct when he uses Ford Henry as a clear example of mass production, Huxley is correct when he references that people will start to fade away from their religion, Huxley is correct that drug addiction is a severe problem among adults and teens, Huxley is correct that items will depreciate over time, Huxley is correct that labor will hit a deficit, Huxley is correct that capitalism will play a big role in the future, Huxley is correct that socialism, sexism, classism and dictatorship will play a gigantic role in the future. One point where Huxley is incorrect, is human cloning and being able to change the genetics of unborn babies. Although there is research stating that cloning is possible, there is no concrete procedure available to the public yet. The first theme present is the Mass production, not too far into the book and there is clear eviden ce of what Huxley is referencing to. The whole of a small factory staffed with the products of a single bokanovskified egg (Huxley7) By incorporating the idea of cloning, the author makes the audience/reader feel intrigued. At this point, the audience will be persuaded to believe that cloning will is clearly a real thing that will soon or later take its place in the United States of America and the entire world. Not too far from the previous quote given, Huxley once again re-states the topic of mass production. Ninety-six identical twins working ninety-six identical machines (Huxley7) This provokes feelings of suspense in the audience because it allows them to visualize Huxleys vision. One clear example of this would definitely have to be Henry Ford. As Ford initiated production of his first ever car, the T model. They sold successfully and Henry had the idea of dropping the cost of production. Henry than assembled his line of production with workers only specializing in one area. Soon Ford began to sell his model T for only 500 dollars, not only did Henry revolutionized the car industry, but he had set the world to a new track. That track was mass production all over the world. The last theme that Huxley covers, would definitely have to be Social stability. Huxley has a broad view of the world. Not only does he believe in mass production, he believes in efficiency and making the world a bet ter place. If we could bokanovskify indefinitely the whole problem would be solved (Huxley7) The author employs this quote in order to clearly visualize what the world could potentially be heading towards. Huxley forces the audience to acknowledge the fact that efficiency and mass production are 2 identical factors that must be taken into consideration. Huxley utilizes allusion to clearly re enforce the topic he is trying to persuade throughout the book. Huxley utilizes an abundance of references towards Shakespeare. Is there no pity sitting in the clouds, That sees into the bottom of my grief? O sweet my mother, cast me not away: Delay this marriage for a month, a week; Or, if you do not, make the bridal bed In that din monument where Tybalt ties. . . (Huxley184) By highlighting Shakespeare the audience will now feel a sense of desire and cherishment towards the reading. At this point the audience will be persuaded to understand the quote of Shakespeare from Romeo and Juliet. One topic that is clearly re-enforced in this book is efficiency, but in particular productivity. Which at first glance might seem 2 identical topics but in reality, they are slightly different. Efficiency comes down to labor and wages and how quicker things can get done without sacrificing that much in wages. Productivity comes down to input over output. Ther e have been obvious actions taken in regards to efficiency and productivity.Big corporations like Costco have taken action in whole selling, that lowers the price per good and they will see greater margins. They will more profit more, which at the end of the day is what business strive for according to https://hbr.org/2017/03/great-companies-obsess-over-productivity-not-efficiency The second allusion will be located just one page behind the previous quote. Let the bird of loudest lay On the sole Arabian tree, Herald sad and trumpet be (Huxley183) At this point, the audience will be persuaded to understand the intellectual writing of Shakespeare. Huxley is clearly trying to emphasize that not a lot people can really understand the poems of Shakespeare. The third allusion would be located on the same page as the previous quote given. Property was thus appalld, That the self was not the same; Single natures double name Neither two nor one was calld Reason in itself confounded Saw division growth together Upon reading this the audience feels compelled to understand what Huxley is implying through the poem of Shakespeare. It forces the audience to acknowledge the fact that, society is clearly fading away from ancient poems alike Shakespeare. Huxley utilizes irony to emphasize what society is heading towards. One irony in particular would have drug abuse. Even though they are identical, majority of them. They all consume some which is a muscle relaxant that helps alleviate pain. Lenina took two half gramme tablets and Henry 3 (Huxley75) Huxley clearly stresses to the audience that drug addiction is soon going to impact the world. Sure enough Huxley was right, as the United States is now on of the countrys with a high abundance of drug addicts. Huxley once again utilizes another irony to clearly reflect the where society is heading towards. In the book they all do not believe in a religion, but surprisingly they believe in Henry Ford as their God that is very ironic. Oh, Ford! (Huxley 29) By stating Henry Fords name, they are implying to Henry as a God, they will always try to be like him due to his accomplishments. The last irony we encounter is how some female characters like Lenina like to have to have fun with men, but do not understand what it takes to actually have a baby, since she has never really fallen in love. Lenina alone said nothing (Huxley 173) another quote is Lenina, what are you doing. Zip, Zip! (Huxley 193) By Highlighting Lenina the audience will realize that society is fading away from loyal relationships alike Lenina. All in all Huxley has a very clear vision of what he is talking about. Although there was one point that still needs time to develop. Huxley does not hesitate to re enforce his other themes. Huxley had a rough past, he had 3 other siblings and is now the proud author of Brave New World.

Critical Intersectionality Bromley Won t Be Making Your...

Critical Intersectionality: Bromley Won’t Be Making Your Head Spin In Bromley’s â€Å"Feminism Matters†, Chapter Four effectively argues that the way in which race, gender, class, ability, sexual orientation, and a variety of other social categories interact within each other to create a hierarchy of power within our society that has lead to an imbalance of privileges. Additionally, she manages to convince the reader that all these concepts are incorporated in the theoretical tool of intersectionality and that once we can understand this we will be better equipped with the approach to handle the struggles of modern day. Thinking of our positionality as being a blend of pre-existing conditions, we can realize that the advantages and disadvantages we receive in life are not only due to our gender, but the reality that â€Å"[we] might be living in Canada, in [our] first year of university, born in South Africa, a Buddhist, and struggling to pay for [our] living expenses, yet able-bodied and employed† (Bromley 2012). Bromleyâ€℠¢s choice to use real-life situations serves as an excellent means of showing the ordinary occurrences in our day to day life that demonstrate the ways in which hierarchies of power affect our lives in ways we do not realize. She continues by bringing in the reader to the understanding of the belief that these everyday oppressions are acceptable as they are perpetrated by the people who possess â€Å"(†¦) the power to determine â€Å"normal†Ã¢â‚¬  (Bromley 2012). When Bromley brings

Knowledge and Management of Creativity

Question: Discuss about the Knowledge and Management of Creativity. Answer: Introduction: Any organization fails to sustain itself in the long-run unless it is backed by some powerfully innovative idea. It is innovation that helps any company in product differentiation and assists in gaining a competitive edge over the rival organizations. The same fact holds truth for the company named Remee that founded in the year of 1971 has witnessed unprecedented success all over the world, through the production of wires and cable products (Liu 2016). However, the latest innovative product introduced by the company is a dreaming sleeping mask that helps an individual control his dreams. It is important to note that while thousands of sleeping masks have dominated the market since earlier times, the dreaming mask is one of a kind that employs the use of outstanding technology which helps the dreamer control his dreams, while also feeling that he is dreaming. The battery lights and sensors also help one to remember the dream once he wakes up. The most innovative aspect of the mask is that with the help of technical tracks, the mask releases gentle beaming lights on the eyes of the dreamer, so that his brain can instantly detect that the person is dreaming (Gackenbach and Bosveld 2014). It is needless to say that the innovation in the product was much needed for Remee, as gradually the company was encountering tough competition from some of its rival organizations, and hence it had to employ his technology in a new field, Sleeping mask was not ever being produced by Remee, but the company thought of launching a product that could help it sustain itself by giving a competition to any other ordinary sleeping mask (Stumbrys and Erlacher 2014). The point that it highlighted is it is not enough to sleep, but also to live the dream, given the old obsession of humans towards dreams. The major strength of the product is that it is a scientifically advanced, highly innovative product that enables the dreamer to perceive and remember every bit of dream, and thus enjoy it. The second strength is that despite the presence of light buttons and Neutron tracks, the sleeper does not need to compromise with the comfort, and even if a sleeper is sleeping flat on his face he would not be able to perceive its presence (Rochegude 2015). It weighs lesser than a quarter ounce. As far as the first weakness is concerned, the product is very pricey, and cannot be afforded by all. The next weakness is that the product usage needs a lot of practice, and the application of techniques and merely wearing the device does not help to dream (Leonard et al. 2014). Meanwhile, it is also important to have a look at the opportunities of the product. First of all, the sleeping masks have been in great demand, especially among the working professionals, who needed a sound sleep and a peaceful mind to work harder each day. However, the new lucid dreaming mask will help him control his dreams, and consequently even if he is dreaming something horrible, he would be able to retain his calm of mind and change the dream if needed. Besides, men have always been obsessed with what a dream world is all about, and having a control on the same, would be something that can excite any user. Besides, huge media exposure can help in creating a craze for the product among the youngsters, who would love the idea of experiencing the product at least once, and would buy it impulsively. It is also very comfortable and comparatively affordable than other dreaming masks. However, threats and limitations are there as well. The product cannot be expected to be highly popu lar among the mainstream audience, given that the consumers need to be highly tech-savvy to comprehend how it accurately works, and once the craze disappears, people would stop buying it. Again, the product is quite expensive, and thus those consumers looking for a sound sleep, might not fantasize about having a perfect dreams, and might end up settling with ordinary sleeping masks, It is a fancy product, and hence its target market would also be limited, implying less profitability. In order to combat with the challenge of having a limited consumer base, Remee has already adopted an aggressive marketing strategy, whereby it is attracting consumers, especially, the younger ones, enthusiastic about exploring the dream world. Considering the children obsession with dreams, the company has also launched a couple of marketing campaigns in different schools as well. On social media platforms like Facebook, the company has announced an offer whereby the top 300 users sharing posts with hashtags like #RemeeLucidDreamer would receive a flat discount of 70% on the dreaming mass products. Reference List: Gackenbach, J. and Bosveld, J., 2014.Control Your Dreams: How Lucid Dreaming Can Help You Uncover Your Hidden Fears Explore the Frontiers of Human Consciousness. Open Road Media. Leonard, D.O.R.O.T.H.Y. and Barton, M., 2014. Knowledge and the Management of Creativity and Innovation.The Oxford Handbook of Innovation Management, pp.121-138. Liu, C.Z., 2016. Making Inception a Reality: Lucid Dreaming in Science Fiction and Technology.Intersect: The Stanford Journal of Science, Technology and Society,9(2). Rochegude, J.A., 2015. Interactive Dreams. Stumbrys, T. and Erlacher, D., 2014. The science of lucid dream induction.Lucid Dreaming: New Perspectives on Consciousness in Sleep, pp.77-102.

To What Extent Does the Success of E

Introduction In the contemporary demanding world, the information-based ability of workers is an imperative prerequisite for companies to possess competitive advantage. The typical learning is unable to meet the objectives described for the learning necessities of employees. This aspect demands that organizations integrate e-learning for the employees to enhance the performance of the individuals that translates to organizational performance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Does the Success of E-learning Depend on a Change in Organizational Culture? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The accomplishment of the e-learning program largely depends on the technology used. More importantly, the employees and the organizational culture significantly affect the success of such initiatives. The readiness of the workforce to adopt and utilize e-learning is a critical aspect that determines the success of the i nitiative irrespective of the costs that ought to be saved and the technology used. In fact, e-learning requires the availability of equipment that allows the electronic transfer of knowledge. E-learning defines the capability to control, support and administer learning and training material (Seal and Sivan 335). These capabilities are also impacted by the organizational culture that may limit the extent at which an organization may go to ensure it remains competitive. This study explores the extent at which the e-learning depends on changes in the organizational culture in order to be successful. Main Body E-learning entails a wide range of applications and procedures including computer-dependent learning, digital cooperation, internet-based learning and virtual classrooms. The aspect involves the dissemination of information through the internet, extranet or intranet (WAN or LAN), video- and audiotape, interactive television, and CDs. From literature, e-learning appears as a tacti c and technology that enables learning. In the majority of companies, an e-learning program is typically the execution of training and cooperation that is availed to workers through the organization’s LAN hence readily accessible to individuals at their expediency. Whereas it may partly stand-in for classroom learning, it is essentially designed to augment learning and broaden it to a wider audience while saving on the expenses (McIntosh 2). Hosseini, Salimifard and Yadollahi demonstrated that e-learning is an appropriate solution for companies to deal with the shifting environment of business-connected information needed for the organizations to attain and retain competitiveness and diminish the training costs (p.42). However, it is closely related to the human resources function of an organization as a tactical means towards developing knowledge workers. In essence, it leads to enhanced employee satisfaction, improved chances of career development, supple learning for worke rs, enhanced innovation, as well as improved operational effectiveness (Liu, Huang and Lin 2012).  Majority companies use e-learning technologies to gain from such initiatives. However, due to the extensive investments initially needed and the elevated rate of failure, most of the organizations are hesitant to initiate such programs.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hence, it is imperative for the human resource function of a company willing to implement such initiatives to evaluate the readiness of the company to accept the program. Besides, it is essential for the evaluation to be done from diverse perspectives including the people, novelty, attitudes, infrastructure and organizational culture. The willingness to espouse e-learning is a critical factor that significantly impacts on the triumphant adaptation of e-learning programs. The organizational culture also affects t he success of e-learning programs. In view of organizational learning, organizational culture can ease or harden the learning process. The process can also be reversed where e-learning can be a means to the changes in organizational culture. According to Masie assertions, it is imperative for the corporate management to develop an organizational culture that supports e-learning (p.3). The tendency by workers to resist the use of technology often arises from the established organizational culture that may not encourage workers to embrace diverse changes that will eventually be necessitated by the changing business environment (Venkatesh et al. 428). This is essential for the human resources function since changes are inevitable.  Inherently, employees prefer face-to-face learning to any other learning modes. However, considering that organizations are expanding rapidly, this may not be rational. For example, it will be almost impossible for a multinational company’s human re source function to train employees around the world individually. A human resource manager based in the U.S. will be able to facilitate the dissemination of information to any part of the world so long as the infrastructure is in place. This is cost-effective as the company can hold regular video conferences at the convenience of every employee. The trainer does not need to travel around the world to train employees. From this illustration, it is essential for companies to establish organizational cultures that are flexible to adopt changes aimed at building competitiveness and profitability of the organization (Normark and Cetindamar 325).  Rigid organizational cultures hinder the implementation of diverse initiatives. Typically, most of such changes could not be readily accepted in an organization. Workers often view changes as a threat to the security of jobs. This is especially the case where technology is involved. Given that technology makes operations efficient, workers who lack confidence in their performance will resist any changes aimed at streamlining operations. Employees with such perceptions often incite others into resisting the changes irrespective of the benefits to the individuals and consequently to the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on To What Extent Does the Success of E-learning Depend on a Change in Organizational Culture? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is essential for the human resource function to be in regular communication with employees whenever imminent changes are foreseen.  The right organizational culture is essential for overcoming heritage of prior incident and previous values and norms. Organizational cultures are developed over a long time. While they are not policies that are immediately implemented, they develop naturally according to the corporate environment. The management and the employees play a role in developing the organiz ational culture. As the organization grows, certain norms are developed and eventually become partly evident in many areas of the organization. The cultural factors are observed in areas such as corporate arrangement, assistance by the administration, the climate for novelty and transformation, the situation of the human capital, the managerial processes, guidance and learning, as well as the connection with information technology. E-learning is likely to be successful in situations where the aforementioned factors allow the organization to support changes in different areas. The corporate arrangement is one of the essential areas of organizational culture that significantly impact on the success of e-learning. Thus, it is important for companies to have an elaborate organizational structure. However, these structures should be flexible to allow innovations and improvements. Executives are aware that innovations are inevitable. Actually, innovations are encouraged in leading compani es as they introduce new energy and synergize these structures (Govindasamy 288).  Cisco is one of the most cited examples of how culture influences the success of e-learning. Prior to inventing the phrase â€Å"e-learning†, a member of staff at the corporation recorded a film production and placed the tape-recorded on the company’s intranet. When the employee alerted a vice president, he was thrilled by the innovation. He sent messages around the company, suggesting that they watch the video. Everyone was so eager to watch that the Cisco system almost stalled. This led to the innovation of placing videos on the company LAN instead of the company’s extranet. The interest in technology by the company led the staff to research further on the innovation leading to e-learning (McIntosh 2). The corporate arrangement was restructured to create a department that would specifically deal with e-learning. The company has ever since utilized video extensively to train th e workforce. The orientation of new employees is done through video interactions and this ensured saving the money on the costs of training as new employees could learn on their own. Such an organizational culture in terms of organizational structure flexibility is important for the success of e-learning.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The change in situation of human capital is another aspect that influences the success of e-learning. There are organizational cultures where the management hierarchy is bureaucratic to the extent that the top management will not allow the lower cadre any level of autonomy. In such situations, such cultures hinder the implementation and consequently the success of e-learning. The top management fears that it will lose control of what the employees are engaging in terms of training. For example, in a unionized organization, an executive of training conferred with the labor affairs faction regarding e-learning. He was informed that this could not be done. The grounds behind it were that corporate directors could have whined on the subject raised. In fact, one might question the reasons that could make the executives to whine concerning the extra education prospects granted to company employees. Upon investigation, it became apparent that the trouble was the immediate character of e-le arning. Workers would be capable of signing in and take the guidance devoid of the executive’s approval. The executive would lose control of what the worker would learn. A number of the situations were made available to people working here. One of them was administrative processes. Whenever an employee enrolled for an e-learning course, the executive was sent a letter. Often, the executive would advise the worker not to take the course. McIntosh claims that to a large degree, it was a control problem. Executives wanted workers to take classes that were part of the executive’s plan, especially when the classes were during company time. The other issue in the equation was a perception issue on the labor affairs faction part. They were scared of the potential predicament. After the implementation of the e-learning program, there was no problem as predicted. This is an illustration of how the situation of the people as a culture of an organization may influence the success of the e-learning programs. Prior to the implementation of an e-learning program, it is astute to confer widely with the stakeholders. The human resources division might prove to be the principal test. This is despite the training division being part of the human resource function. The motive behind this is that the human resource function and the personnel anticipate all types of labor affairs troubles (McIntosh 3).  The other aspect of organizational culture that impacts on the successful implementation of e-learning is the group attitude of the employees. Prior to the introduction of the e-learning concept, most companies trained the employees through trainer-led classrooms that were typically social. Most companies that were established more than a decade ago face the challenge of changing the organizational culture in terms of training to introduce the e-learning aspect. The employees accustomed to the trainer-directed collective classrooms could find it challenging to compr ehend the idea of acquiring knowledge without help, whereas sited facing a supercomputer. The training method adopted by most companies is entrenched in the organizational culture of the organization. Most organizations typically use one method of disseminating the training information making it part of the organizational culture.  When new employees are given training through instructor-led environment, they are accustomed all through the work experience to be trained through one system. Hence, such workers believe that it is the only way that they can learn (McIntosh 3). If there is a powerful culture of trainer-led learning in the company, it will hinder the success of the e-learning initiative. Changing the attitude of the employees demands the interception of the human resources function. The department requires preparing the employees for the changes in learning methods so that the employees are ready to embrace it before it is launched. Initially, the training can be introd uced to the employees through social environment classrooms, and then the employees complete the rest of the lessons on their own. The trainer should also be prepared to assist employees who find it difficult to learn on their own until they are fully accustomed to the new learning method.  In companies with powerful in-house training departments, the instructors themselves may observe e-learning as a risk to the job security (McIntosh 3). The strong training divisions are usually part of the organizational culture, as they are not always mandated by the company policy. They develop on their own depending on the number of trainees, the lessons that are supposed to be offered, the influence of the departmental head, the frequency of training and the autonomy given by the management. As the department grows, it becomes part of the organizational culture as the influence on the entire company grows. The human resources function need to address the fears of the trainers to ensure that they embrace e-learning. The trainers have the potential to derail the success of e-learning if they are not included from the beginning and the importance of the initiative demonstrated to them. The human resources department requires or must assure the trainers that the adoption of the initiative will not jeopardize their jobs.  The information technology department takes a central role in the company communication structure (Hung and Cho 173). Companies usually have a unique communication structure entrenched as part of their corporate culture. The people in the department are aware of what is expected and new employees carry on the culture. Thus, it becomes essential to incorporate the unit in the deliberations anytime such a project is inaugurated. The people need to be made aware that such a move will make learning easier for new and current employees; hence, the initiative needs to be supported. The culture of having the information technology department as the central sou rce of electronic information needs to be changed to accommodate e-learning at individual levels.  McIntosh asserts that it will be difficult for e-learning initiative in organizations where the executive does not support e-learning. There are organizations where the culture is framed in such a way that an initiative that does not originate from the executive receives little or no attention. E-learning is an essential revolutionary event that requires the support of the chief executive officer. Thus, it is important to have the decision-makers take the e-learning course so that they are aware of what they are discussing.  The needs of the employees are essential when developing e-learning. Fundamentally, employees in companies with strong organizational cultures usually lack some aspects of learning due to the perceived restrictions on how things are done in the organizations. Learners may feel that they will be overstepping when they ask the human resources managers for the opp ortunity to access e-learning. This s particularly the case in situations where the course that the employees wish to undertake is not in line with the tasks allocated to them in the organization. Therefore, it is imperative for the designers of the e-learning program to consult with the employees about how they wish to develop their careers. When this concern is addressed, the success of e-learning will have partially been achieved given that the employees will be ready to embrace the initiative.  The change in attitude of the employees will assist in the development of the e-learning program that will eventually benefit the needs of the organization. In this respect, organizational e-learning symbolizes the mechanisms through which the company transforms the knowledge acquired by individuals into intellectual assets (Servage 305). This indicates how the organizational culture can mold the type of learning that takes place. The mode of learning is often influenced by the needs of the company, organizational choices and practices creating diverse levels of learning. It becomes important that in designing and delivering e-learning, the organization must assess corporate conditions for learning as well as employee’s experiences in the learning procedures as they impact on the success of e-learning. The motivation of the employee to participate in e-learning is preconditioned by the prevailing organizational culture. Previous experiences shaped by the corporate culture determine the motivation of the employees to participate in the e-learning program as it interacts with organizational structures.  The issues emerge in linking the individual learning needs with the organizational practices. There is usually conflict that develops in organizations in view of the individuals being identified as both a worker and a learner. Such structures require change if e-learning is to be effective. The attitude of the management requires change so that learning can be viewed as an investment in the employee as opposed to the employee being viewed as the sole beneficiary. E-learning offers companies the distinctive opportunity to deal with swift changes in knowledge requirements (Isenmann 290). Companies, therefore, require being ready to embrace e-learning given that the concept demands a significant amount of investment in terms of finance and human resource. The management must recognize that e-learning at the initial stages will have an impact on the performance of the employees as they strive to engage in daily tasks and learning at the same time. Some organizations have corporate cultures that encourage employees to learn continuously. This is through having a culture in which employees that take frequent training are recognized and given material incentives such as certifications and promotion preconditions (Masie 2). A culture that facilitates the recognition of employees makes it easier for e-learning to be successful. Conclusion Tradi tionally, training is an interpersonal process. Contemporary, it is an individual process where employees use electronic information to advance their knowledge. E-learning is contemporarily an essential tool that companies need to adopt to enhance their competitiveness. This requires modifications to the corporate culture while newly contemplating about the position of computers as part of corporate life. Corporate cultural factors are observed in areas such as corporate arrangement, assistance by the administration, the climate for novelty and transformation, the situation of human capital, the managerial processes, guidance and learning, as well as the connection with information technology. The success of e-learning depends on the willingness of participants to modify these areas. Besides, it is important to underscore that e-learning will not replace all other forms of training. Literature further shows that it is important for the management of an organization to understand the benefits of e-learning to the top managers and the employees so that they can assist in developing a culture that is supportive of e-learning. An organizational structure that supports classroom learning easily integrate e-learning and helps workers to get time to use technology to learn. The management in such companies practically schedules time for e-learning and execution of daily tasks as the time spent in learning is viewed as investment.  Certain objects are hardly carried out properly in e-learning, including the in-person connections and lab responsibilities. This calls for organizations to ensure that e-learning does not replace all the learning process. When changing the corporate culture to accommodate e-learning, the support of the management is critical in ensuring the success. Changing the corporate culture requires the participation of all the stakeholders, including employees, management and stakeholders. Factors that support e-learning include executives who bel ieve in technology as an investment. The attitude of the learners and the trainers is also important as it determines the level of acceptance of changing the culture to embrace e-learning. Inflexible organizational cultures hinder the implementation of diverse initiatives such as e-learning. 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